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Table 1 Example of the first-order cover probability model 

From: JPEG image steganography payload location based on optimal estimation of cover co-frequency sub-image

ci

p(ci)

ci −1

ci

p(ci| ci −1)

− 3

1/7

− 2

1

1/8

− 2

1/7

− 2

2

7/8

− 1

1/7

− 1

− 1

1/5

0

1/7

− 1

− 2

3/5

1

1/7

− 1

1

1/10

2

1/7

− 1

2

1/10

3

1/7

0

− 1

3/5

  

0

− 2

2/5

  

1

− 1

7/10

  

1

− 2

3/10

  

2

− 1

1/5

  

2

0

3/5

  

2

1

1/5

  

3

− 1

2/9

  

3

0

1/9

  

3

1

2/3