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Table 3 Robustness test results (BER)

From: Coverless information hiding based on the generation of anime characters

Attack

 

Literature [14]

Literature [19]

Literature [20]

Proposed

Rotational

10°

0.164

1

0.7894

0.0937

30°

0.1116

0.9681

0.8307

0.1190

50°

0.1288

1

0.792

0.1676

Scaling

0.3

0.0086

1

0.8204

0.8992

0.5

0

1

0.7364

0.5892

0.75

0

1

0.5943

0.2354

1.5

0

0.9894

0.3928

0.0582

3

0

1

0.2984

0.0505

Gaussian noise

σ(0.001)

0.0301

0.9896

0.8088

0.1548

σ(0.005)

0.0172

1

0.8165

0.4680

σ(0.1)

0.0086

0.9896

0.8662

0.9638

Salt noise

σ(0.001)

0

0.8617

0.3359

0.1609

σ(0.005)

0

0.9787

0.5065

0.4904

Speckle noise

σ(0.01)

0.0086

1

0.6951

0.0972

σ(0.05)

0.0086

1

0.8798

0.2341

σ(0.1)

0.0258

1

0.9367

0.9107

Median filter

(3 × 3)

0

1

0.6822

0.1813

(5 × 5)

0.0086

1

0.6951

0.3486

(7 × 7)

0.0172

1

0.8088

0.4699

Mean filter

(3 × 3)

0

1

0.739

0.2424

(5 × 5)

0

1

0.8488

0.1861

(7 × 7)

0

1

0.876

0.7024

Gaussian filter

(3 × 3)

0

1

0.686

0.1743

(5 × 5)

0

1

0.7558

0.3051

(7 × 7)

0

1

0.9031

0.4984