From: A recent survey of self-embedding fragile watermarking scheme for image authentication with recovery capability
Number of LSB
α = 1
α = 2
α = 3
α = 4
α = 5
E d
0.5
2.5
10.5
42.5
170.5
PSNR
51.14
44.15
37.92
31.85
25.81