Table 4 Energy complexity of each compression algorithm (sum of microprocessor operation and memory accesses)
From: An energy-efficient low-memory image compression system for multimedia IoT products
Type | SPIHT [18] | L-BCWT [23] | ZM-SPECK [25] | VLC_NUQ [26] | FALC [27] | Proposed method | 8L JPEG [40] | 4L H.264 [13] | 4L HEVC [15] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
#CPU operations (energy cost/frame) | 25 × 3MN (14.7) | 15 × 3MN (8.8) | 13.9 × 3MN (8.1) | 38 × 3MN (22.4) | 16 × 3MN (9.4) | 58 × 3MN (34.2) | 277.6 × 3MN (163.7) | 548 × 3MN (323) | 653 × 3MN (385) |
#Memory accesses (energy cost/frame) | 15.5 × 3MN (10.2) | 9.5 × 3MN (6.2) | 12 × 3MN (7.9) | 9 × 3MN (5.9) | 6.5 × 3MN (4.2) | 43.6 × 3MN (28.8) | 37.4 × 3MN (24.7) | 194 × 3MN (128) | 334 × 3MN (221) |
Average FCR (RF energy cost/frame) | 2.04:1 (469) | 2.04:1 (469) | 2.37:1 (404) | 3.25:1 (295) | 3.37:1 (284) | 4.9:1 (195) | 11.47:1 (83.4) | 10.49:1 (91) | 12.5:1 (76.5) |
Transmission duration (s) | 0.401 | 0.401 | 0.345 | 0.252 | 0.243 | 0.167 | 0.071 | 0.078 | 0.065 |
Total energy cost (mJ/frame) | 494.2 | 484.4 | 420 | 322.9 | 297.8 | 258.4 | 271.9 | 542.6 | 682.4 |