Table 4 Object classification rate (%) in Caltech-256

Places-CNN, 2014 [71]

–

–

–

–

45.59

ImageNet-CNN, 2014 [71]

–

–

–

–

67.23

Hybride-CNN, 2014 [71]

–

–

–

–

65.06

SIFT (SPM + pLSA) SVM, 2006 [5]

–

34.10

–

–

–

Dense SIFT (LSPM + MP) LSVM, 2009 [60]

13.20 ±0.62

15.45 ±0.37

16.37 ± 0.47

–

16.57 ±1.01

Dense SIFT (KSRSPM) LSVM, 2010 [65]

29.77 ±0.14

35.67 ±0.10

38.61 ±0.19

–

40.30 ±0.22

Dense SIFT (KC) SVM with HI, 2008 [12]

–

27.17 (25)*

–

–

–

Dense SIFT (EMK) LSVM, 2009 [67]

23.20 ±0.60

30.50 ±0.40

34.40 ±0.40

37.60 ±0.50

Dense SIFT (ScSPM + MP) LSVM, 2009 [60]

27.73 ±0.51

34.02 ±0.35

37.46 ±0.55

–

40.14 ±0.91

Dense SIFT (LLC + MP) LSVM, 2010 [62]

34.36

41.19

45.31

–

47.68

Dense SIFT (LSA + MMP) LSVM, 2011 [68]

–

–

–

–

36.52 ±0.26

Dense SIFT (LDC + LLC/LSA + MP) LSVM,

2013 [64]

–

–

–

–

38.25 ±0.08

Dense SIFT (LScSPM + MP) LSVM, 2013 [66]

29.99 ±0.15

35.74 ±0.10

38.47 ±0.51

–

40.32 ±0.32

Dense SIFT (SSC + MP) OCL, 2012 [63]

30.59 ±0.35

37.08 ±0.36

40.68 ±0.16

–

43.48 ±0.38

CSIFT (LLC + MP) LSVM, 2015 [86]

28.58 ±0.35

35.20 ±0.36

38.97 ±0.16

–

41.31 ±0.38

SIFT + SVM, 2004 [30, 88]

–

–

–

29.4

–

HOG + SVM, 2005 [31, 88]

–

–

–

33.3

–

HOG (SPM) SVM, 2014 [31, 88]

–

–

–

32.7

–

LBP + SVM, 2002 [1, 88]

–

–

–

20.7

–

LBP (SPM) SVM, 2014 [1, 88]

–

–

–

20.5

–

Dense SIFT (SPM) SVM, 2007 [11]

28.30

34.10

–

–

–

Dense SIFT + NBNN, 2008 [59]

30.4 (25)*

36.0 (25)*

–

–

–

LGP (SPM) LSVM, 2013

22.86 ±0.41

28.89 ±0.33

31.13 ±0.28

32.02 ±0.29

33.14 ±0.51

OC-LBP (BoF) LSVM, 2013

25.77 ±0.22

31.28 ±0.26

34.91 ±0.27

35.52 ±0.29

37.83 ±0.32

LAID (SPM) LSVM, 2013

19.71 ±0.33

25.45 ±0.36

29.08 ±0.29

30.25 ±0.44

32.65 ±0.4

CLBP_S/M/C (SPM) LSVM, 2010

15.72 ±0.17

20.48 ±0.34

24.08 ±0.35

25.16 ±0.45

27.56 ±0.5

LTP (SPM) LSVM, 2010

23.12 ±0.26

29.33 ±0.27

31.74 ±0.35

32.95 ±0.37

33.97 ±0.43

GIST + LSVM, 2001

18.58 ±0.27

21.36 ±0.15

24.17 ±0.12

26.14 ±0.29

27.09 ±0.5

CENTRIST (SPM) LSVM, 2011

21 ±0.34

27.13 ±0.29

29.97 ±0.31

31.12 ±0.43

32.72 ±0.82

Proposed (DTCTH + LSVM)

27.43 ±0.37

33.57 ±0.43

36.38 ±0.33

37.59 ±0.35

38.30 ±0.31

Proposed (DTCTH + HI)

32.91 ±0.31

39.42 ±0.21

43.07 ±0.18

44.16 ±0.25

45.61 ±0.27