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Table 1 Comparison of performance of Fisher Vectors, VLAD, and VLAD-FV

From: Refining deep convolutional features for improving fine-grained image recognition

Encoding methods

Cub (%)

Air (%)

Cars (%)

Dogs (%)

Fisher Vectors

79.0

82.3

83.7

64.1

VLAD

80.8

83.0

87.1

65.8

VLAD-FV

82.0

84.1

88.5

67.5