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Table 4 Normalized Hamming similarity results for rotation attack

From: A hybrid NSCT domain image watermarking scheme

Image

Scheme

10°

20°

30°

0°

50°

60°

70°

80°

90°

 

Lenna

Proposed

0.7875

0.7733

0.7464

0.7503

0.7258

0.6954

0.7051

0.7213

0.7910

 
 

Li [27]

0.7422

0.7261

0.6663

0.7145

0.6757

0.6466

0.7158

0.7132

0.7225

 
 

Patra [7]

0.6328

0.6331

0.6270

0.6399

0.6458

0.6360

0.6199

0.5925

0.7012

 
 

Duman [11]

0.5557

0.5625

0.5313

0.5820

0.5742

0.5596

0.5293

0.5059

0.4980

 

Aerial

Proposed

0.6776

0.6218

0.7083

0.7158

0.6240

0.6970

0.6305

0.7245

0.7090

 
 

Li [27]

0.6205

0.6076

0.6366

0.6308

0.5969

0.6189

0.6350

0.6373

0.6205

 
 

Patra [7]

0.6287

0.6460

0.6682

0.6763

0.6812

0.6736

0.6438

0.6108

0.6980

 
 

Duman [11]

0.5332

0.5635

0.5752

0.5635

0.5908

0.5576

0.5283

0.5176

0.4951

 

Airfield

Proposed

0.7703

0.6037

0.7474

0.7891

0.7258

0.5975

0.7290

0.7758

0.7235

 
 

Li [27]

0.6683

0.6424

0.6360

0.6240

0.6324

0.6689

0.7238

0.7028

0.6405

 
 

Patra [7]

0.6328

0.6443

0.6677

0.6692

0.6675

0.6545

0.6484

0.6013

0.6965

 
 

Duman [11]

0.5137

0.5410

0.5410

0.5615

0.5586

0.5918

0.5381

0.5127

0.4883

 

Lake

Proposed

0.7345

0.7287

0.6818

0.6815

0.6818

0.6460

0.7187

0.7271

0.7678

 
 

Li [27]

0.7361

0.7106

0.7261

0.7277

0.6967

0.7070

0.6912

0.7006

0.6970

 
 

Patra [7]

0.6375

0.6641

0.6782

0.6733

0.6626

0.6575

0.6401

0.6138

0.7014

 
 

Duman [11]

0.5088

0.5488

0.5820

0.5439

0.5684

0.5469

0.5293

0.5020

0.4639

 

Goldhill

Proposed

0.6460

0.7649

0.7519

0.7536

0.7781

0.7917

0.8026

0.8101

0.7910

 
 

Li [27]

0.6809

0.6757

0.6764

0.6731

0.7087

0.6802

0.7109

0.7154

0.6783

 
 

Patra [7]

0.6257

0.6340

0.6438

0.6484

0.6558

0.6387

0.6245

0.5850

0.7017

 
 

Duman [11]

0.5635

0.5801

0.6465

0.6563

0.7178

0.7295

0.7754

0.8203

0.8760

 

Barbara

Proposed

0.7839

0.7513

0.7897

0.7939

0.7494

0.7235

0.7093

0.6786

0.7342

 
 

Li [27]

0.7332

0.7216

0.7216

0.7006

0.7099

0.7432

0.7380

0.7222

0.7177

 
 

Patra [7]

0.6211

0.6279

0.6462

0.6482

0.6470

0.6436

0.6206

0.5940

0.7014

 
 

Duman [11]

0.5273

0.5664

0.5635

0.5625

0.5684

0.5596

0.5244

0.5342

0.5049

 

Baboon

Proposed

0.7497

0.7164

0.7422

0.6948

0.7345

0.7048

0.7303

0.7429

0.6818

 
 

Li [27]

0.6550

0.7090

0.6305

0.6463

0.6428

0.6599

0.6344

0.6353

0.6483

 
 

Patra [7]

0.5984

0.6316

0.6370

0.6431

0.6436

0.6287

0.6152

0.5879

0.7014

 
 

Duman [11]

0.5195

0.5498

0.5488

0.5576

0.5947

0.5811

0.5684

0.5156

0.5078

 

Elaine

Proposed

0.6909

0.6873

0.6974

0.6043

0.6970

0.6983

0.6308

0.7196

0.6954

 
 

Li [27]

0.7380

0.7429

0.7300

0.7397

0.7251

0.7319

0.7290

0.7364

0.7300

 
 

Patra [7]

0.6272

0.6313

0.6567

0.6655

0.6621

0.6533

0.6428

0.6069

0.7017

 
 

Duman [11]

0.5439

0.5537

0.5400

0.5488

0.5889

0.5557

0.5508

0.5488

0.4883

 

Peppers

Proposed

0.8714

0.6944

0.6893

0.7410

0.7442

0.7300

0.6402

0.8227

0.8411

 
 

Li [27]

0.7248

0.7248

0.7222

0.7326

0.7410

0.7074

0.7645

0.7232

0.7468

 
 

Patra [7]

0.6321

0.6460

0.6509

0.6448

0.6487

0.6536

0.6416

0.6130

0.6995

 
 

Duman [11]

0.5078

0.5293

0.5850

0.5410

0.5859

0.5811

0.5430

0.5186

0.4775

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