Automated quantification of the schooling behaviour of sticklebacks

Table 2 Comparing automated and manual schooling time (in seconds) for 10 experiments, each of which lasts 5 min

Trial number	Automated schooling	Manual schooling	κ
	time	time
1	62	47	0.82
2	108	109	0.49
3	0	0	-
4	154	154	0.62
5	194	214	0.49
6	245	260	0.43
7	112	115	0.38
8	90	69	0.46
9	124	166	0.53
10	218	219	0.75

The statistic Kappa (κ) is used to assess the concordance between manual and automated annotation (there was no schooling behaviour observed in trial 3 by either manual and automated scoring; Kappa is undefinable since its denominator is zero.) See the text for further details.