Table 5 Experimented face landmarking algorithms
Acronym | Face detector | #Landmarks | Training set | Face pose | Processing time |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
and expression | per image ⋆ | ||||
FFPD [44] | Haar feature based | 20 | CK frontal faces | Frontal; Neutral | 0.85 |
GentleBoost classifier | |||||
AAM [125] | Viola-Jones face | 66 | Multi-PIE, XM2VTS | Near-frontal; | 0.12 s |
detector | Expression | ||||
STASM [31] | Viola-Jones and Rowley | 76 | XM2VTS, AR | Near-frontal; | 0.18 s |
face detector [126] | Expression | ||||
BORMAN [70] | Viola-Jones face detector | 22 | FERET, MMI | Near-frontal; | 65 s |
detector | Expression | ||||
ZhuRamanan ‡ [99] | A mixture of tree | 68 | Multi-PIE | Free of pose and | 25 s |
structured part models | expression | ||||
Everingham [102] | Viola-Jones face detector | 9 | Consumer images | Near frontal | 0.4 s |
flandmark [103] | Description NA | 7 | LFW | Near frontal; | 0.12 s |
expression |